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Drinking Water Contaminants- 1,1-Dichloroethylene (1,1-DCE)

Reverse Osmosis Water Filter Guide Home Choosing a water filter for your home, what you need to know Where to buy quality water filters online Reverse osmosis technology Water problems and their treatment methods Water filtration methods comparison Questions & answers of buying a r.o. system About whole house water filters The dangers of tap Water How to have your drinking water tested Water Filters vs Bottled Water, which is better for you? Benefits of pure water How lead affects our children Chlorine and your body More on drinking contaminated water Water pollution/water contamination---Do you know the water quality in your area? Who says tap water is unsafe ? Water articles Other links...	This is a factsheet about a chemical that may be found in some public or private drinking water supplies. It may cause health problems if found in amounts greater than the health standard set by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). What is 1,1-DCE and how is it used? 1,1-Dichloroethylene (1,1-DCE) is an organic liquid with a mild, sweet, chloroform-like odor. Virtually all of it is used in making adhesives, synthetic fibers, refrigerants, food packaging and coating resins such as the saran types. The list of trade names given below may help you find out whether you are using this chemical at home or work. Trade Names and Synonyms: 1,1-DCE 1,1-Dichloroethene Asym-dichloro-ethylene Vinylidene chloride Why is 1,1-DCE being Regulated? In 1974, Congress passed the Safe Drinking Water Act. This law requires EPA to determine safe levels of chemicals in drinking water which do or may cause health problems. These non-enforceable levels, based solely on possible health risks and exposure, are called Maximum Contaminant Level Goals. The MCLG for 1,1-DCE has been set at 7 parts per billion (ppb) because EPA believes this level of protection would not cause any of the potential health problems described below. Based on this MCLG, EPA has set an enforceable standard called a Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL). MCLs are set as close to the MCLGs as possible, considering the ability of public water systems to detect and remove contaminants using suitable treatment technologies. The MCL has been set at 7 ppb because EPA believes, given present technology and resources, this is the lowest level to which water systems can reasonably be required to remove this contaminant should it occur in drinking water. These drinking water standards and the regulations for ensuring these standards are met, are called National Primary Drinking Water Regulations. All public water supplies must abide by these regulations. What are the Health Effects? Short-term: EPA has found 1,1-DCE to potentially cause the following health effects when people are exposed to it at levels above the MCL for relatively short periods of time: liver damage. Long-term: 1,1-DCE has the potential to cause the following effects from a lifetime exposure at levels above the MCL: liver and kidney damage, as well as toxicity to the developing fetus; cancer. How much 1,1-DCE is produced and released to the environment? An estimated 90,700 tons/yr of 1,1-DCE were produced in the USA during the early 1980s. It may be released by evaporation or in wastewater during its production and use in the manufacture of plastic wrap, adhesives, and synthetic fiber. It may also form in groundwater that has been contaminated by similar solvents. From 1987 to 1993, according to the Toxics Release Inventory, releases to water and land totalled over 11,500 lbs. These releases were primarily from facilities which make plastics materials/resins. The largest releases occurred in Kentucky. What happens to 1,1-DCE when it is released to the environment? Releases to water will primarily be lost to the atmosphere through evaporation. 1,1-DCE will evaporate from soil and will leach into the groundwater where its fate is unknown, but degradation is expected to be slow. Its tendency to accumulate in aquatic life is unknown but expected to be minor. How will 1,1-DCE be Detected in and Removed from My Drinking Water? The regulation for 1,1-DCE became effective in 1989. Between 1993 and 1995, EPA required your water supplier to collect water samples every 3 months for one year and analyze them to find out if 1,1-DCE is present above 0.5 ppb. If it is present above this level, the system must continue to monitor this contaminant. If contaminant levels are found to be consistently above the MCL, your water supplier must take steps to reduce the amount of 1,1-DCE so that it is consistently below that level. The following treatment methods have been approved by EPA for removing 1,1-DCE: Granular activated charcoal in combination with Packed Tower Aeration. How will I know if 1,1-DCE is in my drinking water? If the levels of 1,1-DCE exceed the MCL, 7 ppb, the system must notify the public via newspapers, radio, TV and other means. Additional actions, such as providing alternative drinking water supplies, may be required to prevent serious risks to public health. Drinking Water Standards: Mclg: 7 ppb Mcl: 7 ppb 1,1-DCE Releases to Water and Land, 1987 to 1993 (in pounds):   Water Land TOTALS (in pounds) 10,101 1,488 Top States KY 2,880 286 TX 2,061 150 LA 2,079 3 Major Industries Plastics materials, resins 3,942 1,299 Alkalies, chlorine 4,173 154   As part of the Drinking Water and Health pages, this fact sheet is part of a larger U.S. EPA publication: EPA National Primary Drinking Water Regulations

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• How to find a top quality reverse osmosis water filter..the facts you need to know before you buy
• Reviews of different water filtration methods and of major brands/configurations of reverse osmosis water filters
• How to test your water so you know your reverse osmosis system is working in its top condition.
• Is bottled water really the safest? How does it compare to reverse osmosis purification systems?
• What are the different types of bottled water and their quality? What type of drinking water is the safest and healthiest
• Does your area have a water pollution problem? How many and which contaminants can reverse osmosis filters effectively remove?
• How do reverse osmosis filters give you the purest water? Reverse osmosis filtration technology explained in detail.
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Editor's Note: Do You Know What's In The Water That You're Drinking?
In 1993, the City of Milwaukee Wisconsin experienced a sad tragic event. People died from contamination in the public water supply. Cryptosporidium cysts poisoned over 100,000 people. Over 1000 people were hospitalized and nearly 100 people died. As a result of this, Milwaukee changed their water treatment facilities. People deserve safe, clean water both for drinking and for bathing. No one wants to wonder whether or not they are going to be poisoned by their water supply..
Water filtration should be the answer however studies have shown that many water filters out there only remove a small percentage of these harmful contaminants. We are promoting reverse osmosis technology because reverse osmosis has proved itself to be the ultimate and the most economical water purification method.